Sectional Charts are meant to only show a section of a flight region. These charts emphasize only landmarks and features that would be important to a pilot for navigation during flight. Tall, man-made structures and natural landmarks are indicated along with roadways, rivers and railroad tracks, as these are easily seen and recognized by pilots from the air. Topography is referenced by a special color code with lightness or darkness of the color indicating a lower or higher in elevation of the land.

Take a look at the Sectional Chart to the left and notice how much information it communicates to the pilot. There are a number of important components to this chart. Let's examine them in detail.

Elevation

Notice the use of color to show elevation. The color code is given in the box next to the chart. Remember, the darker the shade, the higher the elevation. The lighter the shade, the lower the elevation. Bright yellow indicates a city.

Topography

This layer shows the man-made and natural features that would be easily visible to a pilot during flight. The man-made features include tall towers, roads, railroad tracks, dams, outdoor theaters, race tracks, bridges, lookout towers, power transmission lines, aerial cables, and coast guard stations. The natural features include lakes, rivers and mountain passes (see figure 1.1).

Obstructions

These man-made structures are usually tall radio towers, simply tall towers or they are very tall structures that are not specifically identified on the map (see Figure 1.2).

Airport Information

An airport is indicated by the type and length of runway it has. There are also special symbols to indicate if the airport is restricted in any way, if it is a military airport, if it has been abandoned and if it provides services such as fuel. Airports having control towers are shown in blue. Additional data about the airport is given in a blue-lined box. All other airports are shown in magenta. For specific details about an airport, the pilot needs to consult the Airport Facility Directory (see Figure 1.3).

Figure 1.1 - Topigraphicsl Information

Figure 1.2 - Obstructions

Figure 1.3 - Airport Symbols

Airport Data

The blue-lined box gives details about the airport indicated in blue. (Remember blue airports have control towers!) This data can be lengthy or brief and usually includes radio frequencies, elevation, runway length and lighting availability (see Figure 1.4).

Radio Aids

The symbols listed in the box below inform pilots as to what radio aids are available for their navigation (see Figure 1.5).

Airspace Information

The type of aircraft being flown will determine the airspace in which it should be flown. The floor and/or ceiling for each different airspace designation is sometimes indicated on the chart. Airways, departure and arrival routes are also drawn on the map. Restricted areas and military operation areas are boxed in blue or magenta (see Figure 1.6).

Miscellaneous

These symbols show special activity that can occur in a certain area such as ultralight flying, hang gliding, parachuting and glider operations. If an airport has a flashing beacon, it is also indicated (see figure 1.7).

Text

All names are printed in black, blue or magenta and can indicate cities, mountains, rivers and regions.

Compass

Throughout a sectional chart a compass rose is placed to identify to the pilot the orientation to the cardinal points (north, south, east and west).

Figure 1.4 - Airport Data

Figure 1.5 - Radio Aids to Navigation

Figure 1.6 - Airport Traffic Service and Airspace Information

Figure 1.7 - Miscellanious Symbols